Letter; Janison, Samuel; Levy, Louis E.; Jewish Immigration Society; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1890 March 12
Description:
Janison, Samuel and Levy, Louis E.. Savannah, GA, Letter from S. Janison of Savannah to Louis E. Levy in Philadelphia, as president of the Jewish Immigration Society. In the letter, Janison offers to sell lands in Georgia for a Jewish farming colony
Personal Name:
Janison, Samuel; Levy, Louis E.
Corporate Name:
Jewish Immigration Society
Date:
1890-03-12
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Monetary; Gratz, Michael; Gratz, Barnard; Gibson, John; McLane, Samuel; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1781 March 2
Description:
Gratz, Michael. Philadelphia, PA, Payment order to Barnard and Michael Gratz by John Gibson to pay 50 pounds to Samuel McLane after receiving the same from a bond paid by the Military Fund under direction from the Assembly of Virginia
Personal Name:
Gratz, Michael; Gratz, Barnard; Gibson, John; McLane, Samuel
Date:
1781-03-02
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Broadside; Phillips, Jonas B.; Pesoa, Gustavus; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1818
Description:
Oration, by J. B. Phillips. A printed broadside containing a speech by Jonas B. Philips (1805-1867) to his cousin Gustavus Pesoa (1805-1842) delivered on the occasion of Pesoa's Bar Mitzvah in Philadelphia.
Personal Name:
Phillips, Jonas B.; Pesoa, Gustavus
Date:
1818
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Pamphlet; Hebrew Society for the Visitation of the Sick and Mutual Assistance; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1833
Description:
Constituion and bylaws of the Hebrew Society for the Visitation of the Sick and Mutual Assistance, established in 1814 by Mikveh Israel Congregation, Philadelphia's oldest Sephardic Synagogue
Corporate Name:
Hebrew Society for the Visitation of the Sick and Mutual Assistance
Date:
1833
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; H. Myers & Hano; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1878 July 20
Subject:
Correspondence; Letterheads; Jewish merchants; Food industry and trade; Money
Description:
Letter from H. Myers & Hano, Importers of Brandies, Wines, Gins, &c., to an illegible recipient, inquiring confidentially about the credit worthiness of a merchant. The letter is written on company letterhead; 134 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
H. Myers & Hano
Date:
1878-07-20
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Illowy, Henry; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1865 October 24
Description:
Leeser, Isaac and Illowy, Henry. New Orleans, LA, Five page letter from Henry Illowy, the son of Rabbi Henry Illowy, in New Orleans, Louisiana to Isaac Leeser in Philadelphia. The letter strongly rebukes Leeser for his attacks on his father, and criticizes Leeser for playing the middleground between the Reformers and supporting Rabbis who move toward the Reform
Personal Name:
Leeser, Isaac; Illowy, Henry
Date:
1865-10-24
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Ketubahs; Marriage certificates; Manuscripts, Hebrew -- 19th century
Description:
Bound compilation of manuscript marriage contracts for 62 couples married by George Jacobs between November 5, 1873, and November 13, 1881. Jacobs served as the rabbi of Congregation Beth El Emeth from 1869 to his death in 1884. His term followed that of Isaac Leeser, who founded the synagoge in 1857 and served as its rabbi until his death in 1868. Most weddings took place in Philadelphia, with two each in Doylestown and Lancaster, Pennsylvania; one each in Harrisburg, Manayunk, Abingdon, and Huntingdon, Pennsylvania; and one each in Richmond and Lynchburg, Virginia. Every ketubah is written in the hand of Jacobs, with the abridged ketubah text in a single block paragraph, justified by stretching characters, and his Hebrew name Gershon bar Mosheh S_imh_ah inscribed at the foot of each leaf. Ketubahs are signed by the groom and 2 witnesses. Congregational president Morris Rosenbach signed as witness on several occasions. Couples' English names, wedding date, and wedding location when not in Philadelphia recorded in English at the head of each leaf. The contracts were entered into the volume from left to right on the rectos, with versos left blank. Volume bound in blind-stamped leather, with gilt title on left cover; covers detached and spine damaged.
Personal Name:
Rosenbach, Morris
Corporate Name:
Congregation Beth El Emeth (Philadelphia, Pa.)
Contributor:
Jacobs, George, 1834-1884
Date:
19th century
Language:
Aramaic; Hebrew; English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; District Grand Lodge No. 3; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1890 December 1
Subject:
Correspondence; Religious organizations; Letterheads
Description:
Letter from M. K. Cohen, Secretary of the District Grand Lodge No. 3, written on organizational letterhead, to the secretaries of the lodges of district No.3 I. O. B. B., [Independent Order B'nai B'rith] requesting that they send him their quarterly and annual reports of their lodges as soon as possible after their December meeting because they law requires them to submit an annual report; Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
District Grand Lodge No. 3; Independent Order B'nai B'rith
Date:
1890-12-01
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from N. Snellenburg & Co., Merchant Tailors and One Price Clothiers, with an image of flowers and a landscape in the background; South East Corner of Fifth and South Streets, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
N. Snellenburg & Co.
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Invitation; Sulzberger, Mayer; Hotel Bellevue; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; undated
Subject:
Invitation; Social stationary; Jewish judges
Description:
Invitation from Mayer Sulzberger to a dinner at the Hotel Bellevue to meet Mr. Justice Dean and Mr. Justice Fell, to an unknown recipient; North East Corner of Sixth and Chestnut, Philadelphia, PA
Personal Name:
Sulzberger, Mayer; Dean; Fell
Corporate Name:
Hotel Bellevue
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Carte-de-visite; Levy and Cohen; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1865
Description:
Levy and Cohen. Philadelphia, PA, A carte-de-visite of the ruins of Richmond from a series entitled "Views of the Rebel Capital and its Environs", by Levy and Cohen
Corporate Name:
Levy and Cohen
Date:
1865
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; H. Muhr's Sons; Sulzberger, Mayer; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1886 July 16
Subject:
Correspondence; Jewish judges; Letterheads; Jewelry trade; Clock and watch industry
Description:
Letter from an illegible sender to Mayer Sulzberger, written on H. Muhr's Sons, Manufacturing Jewelers and Watch Case Makers, letterhead; Philadelphia, PA
Personal Name:
Sulzberger, Mayer
Corporate Name:
H. Muhr's Sons
Date:
1886-07-16
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Monetary; Gratz, Michael; Mercer, Archibald; Levy, Levy Andrew; Philip, Judah; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1772 December 23
Description:
Gratz, Michael. Philadelphia, PA, Bond on printed form securing loan from Archibald Mercer to Michael Gratz for the sum of 957 pounds and 8 pence dated 23rd December 1772. It is signed by Michael Gratz, Levy Andrew Levy, and Judah Philip. The verso records payments made on a loan
Personal Name:
Gratz, Michael; Mercer, Archibald; Levy, Levy Andrew; Philip, Judah
Date:
1772-12-23
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Bookplate; Dropsie, Moses A.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; undated
Subject:
Bookplates
Description:
Bookplate from the library of Moses A. Dropsie, with an image of the sunrise behind a book and the phrase, "let there be light" in Hebrew, with Dropsie's name at the bottom in English; Philadelphia, PA
Personal Name:
Dropsie, Moses A.
Date:
unknown
Language:
English; Hebrew
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Proof sheet; Leeser, Isaac; Reggio, Isaac Samuel; The Occident; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1847
Description:
Leeser, Isaac. Philadelphia, PA, Printer's proof sheet of a Hebrew Commentary to be published in the Occident. Includes a proof type footnote by Leeser, where he identifies the Italian author of the Commentary as Isaac Samuel Reggio
Personal Name:
Leeser, Isaac; Reggio, Isaac Samuel
Corporate Name:
The Occident
Date:
1847
Language:
Hebrew; English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Deed; Gratz, Joseph; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1817 January 30
Description:
Pen and ink parchment deed, in which Jonah Thompson, a Philadelphia merchant, conveys a tenant, warehouse and lot to Joseph Gratz and Henry Sergeant, also both merchants
Personal Name:
Gratz, Joseph
Date:
1817-01-30
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letterhead; Solomon Gans; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1871 October 10
Subject:
Jewish merchants; Clothing trade; Business records; Financial records; Letterheads; Correspondence
Description:
Letter written on the company letterhead of Solomon Gans, Wholesale Clothing Warehouse, to J. S. & E. Wright & Co., regarding financial matters; 409 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
Solomon Gans
Date:
1871-10-10
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Deed; Levy, Moses; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1794 February 4
Description:
Receipt and deed from the commonwealth of Pennsylvania to Moses Levy (1756-1826) for 1000 acres of indian land east of the Allegheny River. Document is signed by Thomas Mifflin
Personal Name:
Levy, Moses
Date:
1794-02-04
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card; S. Steinberg; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; undated
Subject:
Trade cards (advertising); Advertisements; Jewish merchants; House furnishings; Secondhand trade
Description:
Trade card from S. Steinberg, Dealer in Old Mahogany Furniture, with a long list on the front of the card of items that he will buy for cash. On the back of the card is a list of local fire addresses; 2500 North Second Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
S. Steinberg
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; Levy, K. J.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; undated
Subject:
Correspondence; Jewish judges
Description:
Letter from a [possibly K. J.] Levy to Mayer Sulzberger regarding an appointment with a physician; North West Corner of Arch and 13th Streets, Philadelphia, PA
Personal Name:
Levy, K. J.; Sulzberger, Mayer
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; Moses, I. W.; Moses, Horace; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1852 November 7
Description:
Moses, I. W. and Moses, Horace. Philadelphia, PA, A letter from I. W. Moses (1821-1870), written from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Horace Moses (1820-1893). The letter is replete with family detail and mentions Rebecca Gratz, the aunt who raised him, frequently
Personal Name:
Moses, I. W.; Moses, Horace
Date:
1852-11-07
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter from A. I. Isaacs to Sabato Morais, sending back the proof sheets for Morais' sermon, which Isaacs has named "The Judaism of the Present"; Philadelphia, PA
Personal Name:
Morais, Sabato
Date:
1873-11-03
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Letter; Leeser, Isaac; Reinah, Judah; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1835 August 7
Description:
Leeser, Isaac and Rehine, Zalma. Baltimore, MD, A highly personal and well written letter from Rehine in Baltimore to Isaac Leeser. In it she complains of having few customers and little money, and asks Lesser for some financial help
Personal Name:
Leeser, Isaac; Reinah, Judah
Date:
1835-08-07
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Pamphlet; Nassy, David de Isaac Cohen, 1747-1806; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1793 November 26
Description:
Observations on the cause, nature, and treatment of the epidemic disorder, prevalent in Philadelphia. By D. Nassy, M.D. Member of the American Philosophical Society, &c. English and French text on facing pages. English title page on p. [3]; added title page in French, p. [2]: Observations sur la cause, la nature, et le traitement de la maladie epidemique, qui regne a Philadelphie. Par D. Nassy. ESTC W21320
Personal Name:
Nassy, David de Isaac Cohen, 1747-1806
Date:
1793-11-26
Language:
English; French
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card; Jones & Postdamer; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; undated
Subject:
Trade cards (advertising); Advertisements; Jewish merchants; Printing industry
Description:
Trade card from Jones & Postdamer, Lithographic and Letter-Press Printing House, with an image of a bird hatching from an egg; 321 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
Jones & Postdamer
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Deed; Gratz, Bernard, 1738-1801; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, United States; 1776 April 27
Subject:
Deeds
Description:
Printed land deed on vellum from John Penn, Sr. and John Penn, Jr. granting land to Joseph Rakes near Shamokin Creek in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. The grant mentions that this land is adjacent to a tract owned by Barnard [sic] Gratz.
Personal Name:
Gratz, Bernard, 1738-1801
Date:
1776-04-27
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Port of entry; Isaacs, Solomon; Hendricks, Harmon; S. Isaacs and Soho Copper Co.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1826 December 13
Description:
Isaacs, Solomon and Hendricks, Harmon. New York, NY, Port of entry document from S. Isaacs and Soho Copper Co., shipping finished copper to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Personal Name:
Isaacs, Solomon; Hendricks, Harmon
Corporate Name:
S. Isaacs and Soho Copper Co.
Date:
1826-12-13
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Pamphlet; Leeser, Isaac; Hart, A.; American Jewish Publication Society; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1845 November 30
Description:
Constitution and bylaws of the American Jewish Publication Society, adopted in Philadelphia on November 30th, 1845. The text of this pamphlet is in English with the original wrappers, printed by C. Sherman
Personal Name:
Leeser, Isaac; Hart, A.
Corporate Name:
American Jewish Publication Society
Date:
1845-11-30
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from Samuel Cohen, Fine Shoes, with an image of a little girl sitting next to a giant egg that is hatching; 9 North Eighth Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
Samuel Cohen
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Official document; Levy, Isaac; Madison, James; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1812 June 26
Description:
A document of authorization, signed by James Madison, as President of the United Sates, and James Monroe, as Secretary of State, to arm the Adeline out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as a privateer with seven carriages and 35 men. Isaac Levy (1770-1846) and William Weaver are listed on the document as co- owners
Personal Name:
Levy, Isaac; Madison, James
Date:
1812-05-26
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from A. Levy, Lion Clothing Stores, with an image of a woman holding a child in one hand and brandishing her umbrella at zoo animals with the other; 248 North Second Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
A. Levy
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Court record; Gratz, Jacob; Gratz, Joseph; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1846 July 16
Description:
Power of attorney by Jacob Gratz for his brother Joseph (1785-1858) to act on his behalf in settling lands in Virginia from the estate of their father Michael (1740-1811). Signed twice by Jacob Gratz
Personal Name:
Gratz, Jacob; Gratz, Joseph
Date:
1846-07-16
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
D. Klein & Bro.: Fine Clothiers and Merchant Tailors; 918 Market Street, One Door Above the New Post Office; Branch store; 4327 Main Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
D. Klein & Bro.
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from M. Rosenblatt, Dealer in All Kinds of Gents' Furnishing Goods, with an image of a man wearing an advertisement and a green hat; 1304 North Second Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
M. Rosenblatt
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from Rosenau & Cohen, Successors to M. M. Newman & Co., Laces, Gloves and Fancy Goods, with an image of barefoot children in a hay field with a scythe on the front; 23 North Eighth Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
Rosenau & Cohen
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from Jacob A. Spitzer. Ladies' and Gents' Fine Boot and Shoe Maker, with an image of a parrot and flowers; 927 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
Jacob A. Spitzer
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Pamphlet; Society for the Visitation of the Sick, and Mutual Assistance; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1824
Description:
Constitution and Bylaws of the Society for the Visitation of the Sick, and Mutual Assistance with the title printed in Hebrew and the pamphlet in English.
Corporate Name:
Society for the Visitation of the Sick, and Mutual Assistance
Date:
1824
Language:
Hebrew; English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Trade card from Sultzbach's One-Price Clothing House, with a full page advertisement on the front and an image of two girls wading in a stream on the back; Ridge Avenue, Green and 13th Streets, Philadelphia, PA
Corporate Name:
Sultzbach's One-Price Clothing House
Date:
unknown
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)
Pamphlet; Benjamin, Judah P.; C. Sherman, Son, & Co.; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; 1863
Description:
Book entitled: "The African slave trade: The secret purpose of the insurgents to revive it. Alleged instructions by Judah Benjamin." Printed by C. Sherman, Son & Co.
Personal Name:
Benjamin, Judah P.
Corporate Name:
C. Sherman, Son, & Co.
Date:
1863
Language:
English
Rights:
http://rightsstatements.org/page/NoC-US/1.0/?
Collection:
Arnold and Deanne Kaplan Collection of Early American Judaica (University of Pennsylvania)