Envelope with the seal of Janāb Muhammad Khouram Tarah Panāh or Janāb Muhammad Khouram Utar Panāh

Name:

Janāb Muhammad Khouram Tarah Panāh or Janāb Muhammad Khouram Utar Panāh; Gerard Gustavus Ducarel

Date:

1789-1790

Description:

The envelope addresses Ducarel as “Khudāvand-i na'amat, Qutb-ud-daulah,” which means “God of bounty, pole of governance” and was sent from Azimabad or modern-day Patnah. The seal says Janāb Muhammad Khouram Tarah Panāh or Janāb Muhammad Khouram Utar Panāh. The seal states 1197 Bangla, which would be 1789-90 in the Gregorian calendar. There is nothing in the envelope and it is hard to know to which, of any, of the other letters in this collection it belongs. The address of the envelope has a benediction in Persian asking Allah to protect the letter until it reaches Gerard Gustavus Ducarel’s homeland. It addresses Gerard Gustavus Ducarel in elaborate terms. There is also a blank piece of paper. Neither of these pieces of paper have visible chainlines, indicating that this paper was made by some other method. Shikasta Persian script.

Language:

Persian

Provenance:

Palmer Family Archive, Devon, England

Subject:

Correspondence; Persian; Mughal; Early Modern; Penmanship; Bihar; British India; 18th century; Envelope; Wax seal; Blank page; Address; Letter; Shikasta

Physical Description:

1 envelope with seal when folded: 3.1" W x 4.9" L; 1 blank sheet of paper when folded: 3" W x 4.6' 'L.

Geographic Subject:

India -- Patna

Rights:

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Notes:

Azimabad is a reference to modern-day Patna

Physical Location:

UA SNED 15A, UA SNED 15B

Collection:

Lord and Lady Palmer Collection